This article begins with a definition of the terms early warning and surprise, and examines whether the failure of israeli intelligence to warn. Declassified documents reveal failures of yom kippur war. The yom kippur war, ramadan war, or october war hebrew. Yom kippur war elizabeth stephens examines how thirtyfive years ago this month the surprise invasion of israel by egypt and its allies started the process that led to camp david. There are many books on this subject but this particular work highlights the involvement of the usa through diplomacy by kissinger and especially the work of the usaf. The first oil crisis was triggered by the yomkippur war, the second by the revolution. The sand embankments of the israeli barlev line were breached and an israeli counterattack thrown back with heavy losses. Oct 02, 2019 the surprise attack by egyptian and syrian forces on israel in october 1973 throws the middle east into turmoil and threatens to bring the united states and the soviet union into direct conflict. The second part deals with the impact of the opec oil embargo of 1973. Sadat and mubarak, meir and sharon, nixon and kissinger, brezhnev and dobyrnin. At 1400hrs on 6 october 1973 the egyptian army launched an assault crossing of the suez canal. May 26, 2015 the yom kippur war of 1973, the most recent full war in middle east history, is socalled because it began on the day of atonement yom kippur, the holiest day of prayer and fasting in the jewish calendar. President nixon described the cri sis as the most difficult since the cuban missile confrontation.
The yom kippur war, ramadan war, or october war also known as the 1973 arabisraeli war. These conditions, were not met prior to the war and consequently, aman officially estimated even twentyfour hours before the fighting started that the likelihood of war was low barjoseph 2005, 81186. Yom kippur war archives on december 6, 1973, two months after the war, brigadier general lior presented his testimony before the commission. The euphoria that enveloped the jewish world after the six day war was to a great extent shortlived. Sixday war 1967 third arabisraeli war documentary duration. The yom kippur war started on saturday, october 6th 1973, as a result of the surprise arab attack on israel. The 1973 yom kippur conflict and the airlift that saved israel by. The us intelligence community tended to assume not only that israeli intelligence would be aware of any major attacks planned against its territory, but also that israel would plead for us assistance to.
The israeli air force iaf contributed to a tactical victory over its arab neighbors during the 1973 yom kippur war. The timing of the opec announcementon october 16, 1973, the eleventh day of the yom kippur war of a drastic rise in oil prices to coincide with the imposition of the embargo was for the arabs a happy means of making it appear, even if briefly, that israel was at the root of the difficulties of the west. The first part of the paper begins with the 1967 six day war and traces the development of the in into the twentyfirst century. A forty years perspective and a new discussion uri barjoseph this article traces the development of the historiography of three interrelated elements of the yom kippur war. Im egyptian, not against israel or facts of war, who won who lost, just watch it, and check history good to know reasons of peace, just ask who live this time, war was simple, israel. The very reason why the war started on october 6, 1973 was that this was yom kippur. First, the political alternative to the war, primarily the diplomatic process that had taken place since early 1973, which compelled the israeli leadership to choose between a comprehensive settlement that would lead to a withdrawal to the 1967 borders, and an egyptian war. Mar 20, 2017 in the independence war of 1948, israel was attacked by jordan and five other countries and on all fronts and won a resounding victory. A coalition of arab nations led by egypt and syria launched a surprise attack on israel on october 6, the day of yom kippur. The 1973 yom kippur war lends itself to analysis as an ebo because it highlights the threat of nuclear war. Secretary of state kissinger saw a three out of four chance of soviet troop intervention in the middle.
Sample essay on yom kippur war essay homework help. The memory of the yom kippur war in israeli society pdf. On october 6th 1973, during the holiest of jewish holidays, egypt and syria launched a two front surprise attack on the nation of israel. Ten minutes later shells began to rain down on israeli positions all along the golan heights the yom kippur war had begun. For on yorn kippur nearly every israeli fighting man. In 1973, syria launches a surprise attack against israel in the golan heights. As promised lands returns to the big screen, steve rose finds out how the movie holds. Thinking that the idf would not be able to defend israel on the holiest day of the jewish year, the arab states coordinated a surprise attack on saturday, october 6, 1973, yom. Browse 498 yom kippur war 1973 stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Flag images indicative of country of origin and not necessarily the primary operator.
Yom kippur war 1973 dvd israeli military and political leaders actor, israeli film service director format. They could not have picked a worse day to start a war. Apr 22, 2012 susan sontag and the yom kippur war in 1973, susan sontag travelled to post war israel to film a documentary. The egyptiansyrian attack that started in the midst of the jewish peoples holiest day of the year. The impact of the yom kippiir war that erupted on october 6th, 1973, far outweighed its relatively short duration of twenty days of heavy fighting. The yom kippur war, ramadan war, or october war arabic. The obvious reason for choosing the jewish holiday of yom kippur for staging a surprise attack on israel was that on this specific day unlike any other holiday the country comes to a complete standstill. President nixon and the role of intelligence in the 1973 arabisraeli. The yorn kippur war of 1973 national security agency. The yom kippur war is also known as the october war. At 45hrs on 6 october 1973, israeli spotters in the observation post atop mount hermon saw syrian gunners below them removing the camouflage nets from their guns. There are a total of 12 yom kippur war aircraft 1973 entries in the military factory. The yom kippur war brings united states and ussr to brink. This was a war in which both sides designed their military strategies within the framework of the political limitations set down by the two superpowers.
On october 6, 1973, hoping to win back territory lost to israel during the third arabisraeli war, in 1967, egyptian and syrian forces launched a coordinated attack against israel on yom kippur. Under cover of talks about a libyan scheme for a federation of arab republics egypt, syria, libya and sudan, military staffs held several planning. Throughout this narrative, key topics in usnin relations are explored. That time the middle east explodedand nixon was drunk. U the origins of the yorn kippur war of 1973 lie in the unsatisfactory resolution of the. War fought between israel on one side, and egypt and syria on the other, backed by iraq and jordan and supported economically by saudi arabia. Better known as the yom kippur war, this 225 page book leaves no stone unturned. The war was initiated by egypt and syria on october 6, 1973, on the jewish holy day of yom kippur and during ramadan, the month of fasting in islam, and it continued until october 26, 1973.
This is evident in references to the war in israeli literature, or the way in which the war is recalled in the media, on the anniversary of its outbreak. President nixon and the role of intelligence in the 1973. The carefully coordinated attack achieved complete tactical surprise. The cia, which relied mostly on israeli estimates regarding the likelihood of war. Known variously as the october war or the yom kippur war, this conflict lasted until late. At the time of yom kippur, israel was led by golda meir and egypt by anwar sadat. This collection highlights the causes and consequences of us intelligence communitys ic failure to foresee the october 1973 arabisraeli war, also known as the october war or the yom kippur war. U resolution 242 was a flawed document, in that it left too much subject to. It started on yom kippur, which is the most holy day in judaism when the federation opened a united surprise attack on israel. The day of atonement was significant because it is the.
The october 1973 war known in the arab world as the ramadan war and in israel as the yom kippur war was principally a result of syrias pursuit of this second goal, which coincided with egypts. In just three weeks, israel lost 2,600 men, a tremendous per capita rate. Npmp, national security council files hereinafter nscf, box 1173, 1973 war middle east 6 oct. The 1973 yom kippur war also known as the october war marked an israeli military victory against a combined arab force led by neighboring egypt. The lack of warning was one of the themes, and remains so today. In 1973, israel found itself fighting its fifth major war against its arab neighbors since achieving independence twentyfive years previously. Read the october 1973 war yom kippur essay sample for. Start your 48hour free trial to unlock this the yom kippur war study guide and get instant access to the following summary. Israels victory in the 1967 six day war sowed the seeds of the 1973 yom kippur war. The yom kippur war of 1973 is one of the most recent full wars in the middle east. The yom kippur war was fought from 6 to 25 october, 1973. In the six day war of 1967, israel was attacked by jordan, egypt and syria with support from seven other.
Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order 1toz. The war lasted for 3 weeks, and started on october 6, 1973 and ended on october 22 on the syrian front and on october 26 on the egyptian front. The questions addressed to lior focused on whether. Amongst the tens of thousands of cia documents put online, one can find the american intelligence assessment regarding the possibility of a war between israel and its neighbors in 1973 and how the.
Susan sontag and the yom kippur war film the guardian. Yom kippur war simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The war was between israel and a federation of arab countries steered by syria and egypt. This is the holiest day in the jewish calendar where jews pray and fast. Effects of the 1973 yom kippur war the 1973 yom kippur war ended in an israeli victory but at great cost to many parties. Israeli military strategist, in charge of the sinai campaign of the 6 day war. Oct 06, 20 the war began on 6 october 1973 when israel was celebrating the holy day of yom kippur and was over by the end of the month, with initial gains by the coalition of arab states quickly reversed.
The yom kippur war of october 1973 arouses an uncomfortable feeling among israeli jews. In 1973, a coalition of arab states, led by egypt and syria, attacked israel and sparked the yom kippur war hebrew. The yom kippur war also known as the ramadan war and the october war was a war between israel and a group of arab countries led by egypt and syria. Yom kippur war 1973 stock pictures, royaltyfree photos. This fall marks the 40th anniversary of the yom kippur war. What 1973 can tell us about todays economic crisis. The deliverance from the threat of total annihilation and the startling, unexpected and overwhelming victory made 1967 to 1969 years of unlimited optimism. These include the impact of israels sinking of the uss liberty during the 1967 conflict. A yom kippur battle through the lens of the us civil war. Documents in pdf format require the adobe acrobat reader. Successor of presidency after nassers death in 1970.
This is particularly true for states such as israel, as it was demonstrated during the yom kippur war in 1973. The war began on the jewish day of repentance of yom kippur in 1973, and it happened during the muslim month of ramadan. The air raid on the syrian general command 109 1973 the battle of. These early volumes attempted to recount the years of negotiation that preceded the war and the chronology of the war itself. The reason, he said, was that the soviets had refused his requests for more sophisticated weapons with which to attack. First, the political alternative to the war, primarily the diplomatic process that had taken place since early 1973, which. The yom kippur war elizabeth stephens examines how thirtyfive years ago this month the surprise invasion of israel by egypt and its allies started the process that led to camp david. Why did jordan not open a third front in the yom kippur war. President nixon and the role of intelligence in the 1973 arabisraeli war. Ospreys second title in the study of the yom kippur war 1973.
U the yorn kippur war of 1973 national security agency. The shock syrian attack caught the israelis by surprise and by the afternoon of 7 october a syrian brigade. Flag images indicative of country of origin and not necessarily the primary. A yom kippur battle through the lens of the us civil war in new book from gettysburg to golan, a former idf officer finds the parallels between israeli and union tactics in the 1973 war and. According to declassified documents from the agranat commission, brigadier general yisrael lior, prime minister golda meirs military.
At 2pm on october 6, 1973 egypt and syria simultaneously attacked the nation of israel on their most holiest of days. Cabinet rejects call for preemptive strike and yet, the political echelons in israel failed to realize the importance of the telegram and the danger it warned of. Zthe domestic fallout of the yom kippur war, in revisiting the yom kippur war, edited by p. The attack by egypt and syria was a surprise to israel after israel conquered the. The yom kippur war and the airlift that saved israel new york, thomas dunne, 2003 p. Yom kippur war, also called the october war, the ramadan war, or the fourth arabisraeli war, damaging inconclusive war and the fourth of the arabisraeli wars. Thesis on 1973 yom kippur war assignment while calling for diplomatic approaches to the conflict, sadat was also preparing for a twofront war against israel with syrian president hafez alassad. The 1973 yom kippur war, a study in soviet era politics in july 1972, the egyptian president announced that he had asked the soviet government to withdraw its advisers said to number more than thirty thousand from egypt. The yom kippur war brings united states and ussr to brink of. There are a total of 19 yom kippur war tanks, vehicles, and artillery 1973 entries in the military factory. It is considered the most recent full war in the middle east, as it began on the day of atonement. The naming of the war was because it took place on the day of atonement, yom kippur.
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